5 axes machine the difficulty of the machine tool

The method that 5 axes machine and machine tool, be in early 20 centuries 60 time, foreign aviation industry for treatment a few when having successive and flowing and complex free curved surface is big, already began to use, but fail to win wide application in more industries all the time, just just had rapidder development nearly 10 years. Investigate its reason, basically be 5 axes treatment is existing a lot of difficulty, for example:

Process designing complex, difficulty is great. Because 5 axes treatment is different from 3 axes, it moves point-blank besides 3 outside, still two whirligig are participated in, the synthesizes motion space contrail that its form is very complex with abstraction, general adv unimaginably with understanding. If give wants dimensional freedom for treatment curved surface, often need to carry coordinate commutation and complex dimensional geometry operation for many times, consider the harmonious sex that each axis moves even at the same time, avert interference, collide, and interpolation motion wants timely and right amount etc, in order to assure the treatment precision of a requirement and exterior quality, process designing difficulty is greater;

Tall to requirement of numerical control and servo control system. Because 5 axes machine need to 5 axes coordinate motion at the same time, this must have function of pilot of linkage of at least 5 axes above all with respect to system of demand numerical control; Because synthesize what there is whirligig in motion,join additionally, this increased the workload of interpolation operation not only, and the precision that because the small error of whirligig is possible,is affected to machine greatly thereby by enlarge, because system of this demand numerical control should have higher operation rate (namely the processing time of shorter single block) with precision. All processor that these mean numerical control system to must increase RISC chip will undertake handling (the CPU structure) that uses many exalted number namely. Additional accordingly, the mechanical configuration of machine tool of 5 axes treatment has cutting tool to rotate means, workpiece rotates means and both Composite, numerical control system also must the requirement of contented and can different configuration. Most after, to can realize the 5 axes treatment of high speed, high spirit, the look up before numerical control system is had even (Look Ahead) function and larger amortize storage capacity, so that undertake to athletic data before the program is carried out operation, processing keeps abreast of shifting to an earlier date,go multistage amortize memory, the error when making sure cutting tool high speed moves thereby is minor still. All these requirements, will increase the difficulty of the complexity of numerical control construction of system and development undoubtedly;

The rigid structure of 5 axes machine tool is designed and make also compare 3 axes machine tool more complex with difficulty. Because the machine tool wants to increase coordinate of two runner shaft coming back, must use the workbench that can tilt and turns or the part of main shaft head that can turn and swing. To these two addition parts, ask its structure is compact already, should have again enough the sensitivity of large moment of force and motion and precision, this is apparent commonner than design and be being made machine tool of 3 axes treatment is much more difficult;
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